Speed Input Reading

JAVA

If you find that you are timing out using Java's native java.util.Scanner class consider using faster input reading.

A modified and much more performant version of the Scanner class can be copied from here.
Sample usage:

public class Main {
  // Paste Scanner class here.
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    Scanner sc = new Scanner();
    System.out.println(sc.nextInt());
  }
}

The java.io.BufferedReader is also much more performant than the native Scanner.
Sample usage of BufferedReader:

public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
    System.out.println(Integer.parseInt(reader.readLine()));
  }
}

Similarly, java.io.BufferedWriter can be used for faster output. Sample usage of BufferedWriter:

public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(java.io.FileDescriptor.out), "ASCII"), 512);
    out.write(String.valueOf(100));
    out.write('\n');
    out.write("Hello, World!");
    out.flush();
  }
}

PYTHON

Python is also really slow. You can use the language pypy3 optimised for speed, but might memory overflow.

Try putting this at the top of your Python 3 code for a speed boost.

from sys import stdin
input = stdin.readline

Sample usage:

from sys import stdin
input = stdin.readline
x = input()